Nā ʻAno Nanotube Carbon Hou me nā Mea Hybrid e Hoʻololi i ko lākou mau Waiwai Kupaianaha

He mea hoihoi nā nanomaterials i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kalapona e like me nā nanotubes kalapona (CNTs), fullerenes a me graphene ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai kino kūikawā. Ke noiʻi nei kahi noiʻi hou i ka hiki o nā nanostructures hybrid a hoʻolauna i kahi ʻano hybrid graphene CNT porous hou me nā waiwai thermal a me mechanical koʻikoʻi.

Hōʻike kēia haʻawina pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻololi ʻia nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o nā graphene CNT heterostructures hou ma ka hoʻololi iki ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho geometric intrinsic o CNT a me graphene a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha like ʻole.

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomalu pololei i ka conductivity thermal a me ka ikaika mechanical i nā ʻano hybrid graphene CNT e lilo ia i moho kūpono no nā ʻano noi like ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hana aerospace holomua kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ke kaumaha a me ka ikaika.

Nā ʻano nano kalapona: nā nanotubes kalapona, graphene, fullerenes

Ua noiʻi ʻia nei nā nanostructures kalapona a me nā hui ʻana o nā nanostructures kalapona he nui i mau moho kūpono no nā ʻano sensing, photovoltaic, antibacterial, energy storage, fuel cell a me nā noi hoʻomaikaʻi kaiapuni.

ʻO nā nanostructures i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kalapona i ʻike nui ʻia he CNT, graphene a me fullerenes. Ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi loa, hōʻike kēia mau hale i nā waiwai thermal, mechanical, electronic a me biological kū hoʻokahi.

Hana nā ʻano i ana ʻia ma ka pae sub-nanometer e like me nā kānāwai kūikawā o ka physics quantum, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohana i nā hanana non-intuitive e like me ka quantum tunneling, quantum superposition a me ka quantum entanglement.

ʻO nā nanotubes kalapona he mau paipu i hana ʻia me ke kalapona a he mau nanometer wale nō ke anawaena. Hōʻike nā nanotubes kalapona i ka conductivity uila kupaianaha a ʻo kekahi he mau mea semiconductor.

Ma muli o ko lākou nanostructure a me ka ikaika o nā pilina covalent i hoʻokumu ʻia ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona, loaʻa i nā nanotubes kalapona ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka conductivity thermal.

He mea waiwai nui nā nanotubes kalapona no nā mea uila, nā optics a me nā composites, a hiki iā lākou ke pani i nā olonā kalapona i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ke hoʻohana pū nei ka nanotechnology a me ka ʻepekema mea i nā nanotubes kalapona i kā lākou noiʻi.

He isomer kalapona ʻo Graphene ma ke ʻano o kahi papa hoʻokahi o nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano lattice ʻelua-dimensional i haku ʻia me nā hexagons. I ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻana o ka graphene i loko o kahi moʻo o nā hoʻokolohua paionia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo Andrew Geim lāua ʻo Konstantin Novoselov ma ke Kulanui o Manchester ma UK, nāna i lanakila iā lāua i ka Nobel Prize in Physics i ka makahiki 2010.

I nā makahiki he ʻumi mai ia manawa, ua lilo ka graphene i mea nanomaterial pono me ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa, ka transparency a me ka conductivity uila no kahi ākea a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā noi i nā electronics, sensing a me nā ʻenehana holomua ʻē aʻe.

ʻO llerene kekahi isomer kalapona i ʻike ʻia no kekahi manawa. ʻO kona molekole he mau ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia e nā pilina hoʻokahi a pālua i loko o kahi ʻupena hiki ke pani ʻia a pani hapa ʻia paha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻupena i kahi apo o ʻelima, ʻeono a ʻehiku paha mau ʻātoma.

Hiki i nā molekala Fullerene ke lilo i mau ʻano poepoe hakahaka, ellipsoidal, tubular a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano a me nā nui ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo Graphene he lālā koʻikoʻi loa o ka ʻohana fullerene, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia he lālā ia o kāna papa mea ponoʻī.

Nā ʻano nano hybrid

Ma waho aʻe o ka noiʻi nui i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ke ʻano o kēia mau nanostructures kalapona pākahi, ke noiʻi nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā waiwai o nā nanostructures hybrid e hoʻohui i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea nanostructured i hoʻokahi mea.

ʻo kahi laʻana,huʻahe mau waiwai hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e kūpono ai no nā noi pono e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hale sandwich, nā hoʻolālā biocompatible a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hale ikaika kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā nanofoams i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kalapona i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nānā i ka hōʻino ʻia o ka iwi a ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo iwi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano meli i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kalapona e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mahu kemika (CVD) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena. Ua hoʻokō ʻia hoʻi nā ʻano hana sintering plasma spark (SPS) e hoʻohana i ka graphene no nā noi olaola a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

No laila, ke ʻimi nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā ala e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā ʻano huʻa kalapona ʻekolu-dimensional. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi e pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilina paʻa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole (nā nanotubes kalapona, nā fullerenes a me graphene) i mea e paʻa ai kēia mea no nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

Noiʻi hou e pili ana i nā nanostructures hybrid

Hoʻolauna kahi noiʻi hou e nā ʻenekinia mechanical ma ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Istanbul ma Turkey i kahi ʻano nanostructure hybrid hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻopili kemika.

Hana ʻia nā ʻano graphene porous CNT ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka graphene a puni nā CNT i loko o nā nanoribbons. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho geometric like ʻole o nā papa graphene nanoribbon a puni nā nanotubes kalapona (nā ʻano huinaha, hexagonal a me ke daimana) e alakaʻi ai i nā ʻano kino like ʻole e ʻike ʻia ana i loko o ka mea, e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho geometric e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hou.

Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi, no ka laʻana, ua hōʻike nā ʻano i hoʻokomo ʻia me nā fullerenes i ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi a me ka ikaika me ka ʻole o ka mōhai ʻana i ka ikaika tensile. Ua loaʻa pū ka hopena koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho geometric o nā nanostructures kalapona i ko lākou mau waiwai wela.

Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi, hāʻawi kēia mau nanostructures hybrid hou i nā pono koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka ʻoihana aerospace. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nanostructures me kēia mau ʻano hybrid no ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen a me ka nanoelectronics.