Ka hana ʻana, ka hana ʻana, ka hana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea TPU

TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)He ʻano polyurethane hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano hui ʻana a me ke ʻano hoʻolei ʻana o ka polyurethane thermoplastic ʻaʻohe a i ʻole he liʻiliʻi iki o ka crosslinking kemika i loko o ke ʻano kemika, a he linear kona mau mole, akā aia kekahi nui o ka hoʻololi kino.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka mea i kapa ʻia he hoʻololi kino, i hāpai mua ʻia e Schollenberger CS i ka makahiki 1958, e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o nā "kiko pilina" hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ma waena o nā kaulahao molekala polyurethane linear i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka wela a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoheheʻe. ʻAʻole ia he crosslink kemika. Akā hana ia ma ke ʻano he crosslink kemika. Ma muli o kēia cross-linking kino, hoʻokumu ka polyurethane i kahi kumumanaʻo hoʻonohonoho morphological heterogeneous, a ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa hydrogen o ka polyurethane e hoʻoikaika i kona morphology a hoʻolilo iā ia i kū i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

He aha ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o TPU

I kēia manawa ua ʻike mākou i ke ʻano o ka TPU, he aha kona mau hoʻokaʻawale ʻana? Wahi a nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole, hiki i ka TPU ke loaʻa nā hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole.

No ka laʻana, e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana palupalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano polyester, ke ʻano polyether a me ke ʻano butadiene, nona ka hui ester, ka hui ether a i ʻole ka hui butene. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano urethane a me ke ʻano urethane urea, i loaʻa mai nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao diol a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao diamine. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mahele maʻamau i ke ʻano polyester a me ke ʻano polyether.
Wahi a ke alo a i ʻole ka ʻole o ka crosslinking, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i thermoplastic maʻemaʻe a me semi-thermoplastic. ʻO ka mea mua he ʻano linear maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā pilina cross-linking; aia ka mea hope i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka allophanate a me nā pilina cross-linking ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻano kūikawā (nā ʻāpana mechanical like ʻole), nā paipu (nā ʻōpala, nā ʻano koʻokoʻo), nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni (nā pepa, nā pepa), nā mea hoʻopili, nā uhi, a me nā olonā.

Pehea e hoʻohui ʻia ai ʻo TPU

ʻOiai he nui nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o TPU, pili lākou a pau i ka polyurethane ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho molekala. No laila pehea i hui pū ʻia ai? Wahi a nā kaʻina hana synthesis like ʻole, ua māhele nui ʻia i ka polymerization bulk a me ka polymerization solution.

I ka polymerization nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano pre-polymerization a me ke ʻano hoʻokahi-ʻanuʻu e like me ka mea inā he pre-reaction: ʻo ke ʻano pre-polymerization ka hana ʻana i ka diisocyanate me ka macromolecular diol no kekahi manawa, a laila hoʻohui i ka hoʻonui kaulahao e hana i ka TPU; Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā diols molecular, diisoesters a me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao a hana ʻia e hana i ka TPU.
ʻO ka polymerization o ka hopena ka hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻana i ka diisocyanate i loko o ka solvent, a laila hoʻohui i ka macromolecular diol e hana ai no kekahi manawa, a laila hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao e hana i ka TPU.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana palupalu, ke kaumaha molekala, ka ʻāpana paʻakikī a i ʻole ka ʻāpana palupalu a me ke kūlana hōʻuluʻulu TPU o TPU e hoʻopilikia i ka nui o ka TPU. Aia ka nui ma waena o 1.10 a me 1.25, ʻaʻole ia he ʻokoʻa nui mai nā ʻōpala a me nā plastik ʻē aʻe. Ma ka paʻakikī like, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka polyether TPU ma mua o ka polyester TPU.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai ʻo TPU

Pono e hana ʻia ka resin TPU e hana i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, a hana nui ʻia ʻo TPU ma ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe a me ke ʻano hoʻonā. ʻO kona ʻano molekala he poloka paʻa i loaʻa ma ka hana ʻana i ka diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) a i ʻole toluene diisocyanate (TDI) me kahi mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao a me ka diisocyanate e like me diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) a i ʻole toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Hoʻopili nā molecules a me nā macromolecular polyols e hana i nā ʻāpana palupalu ma ke ʻano ʻē.

ʻO ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻoihana plastik: e like me ke kāwili ʻana, ka calendering, extrusion, blow molding a me ka molding (me ka injection, compression, transfer a me centrifugation etc. ʻo ka hana hoʻonā ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā pellets i loko o nā solvents a i ʻole ka polymerization pololei i loko o nā solvents Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi hopena, ka uhi ʻana, ka milo ʻana, a pēlā aku. hana ʻia.
Hana ʻia ʻo TPU i ka huahana hope loa, ʻaʻole pono ka vulcanization a me ka hopena cross-linking, hiki ke hoʻopōkole i ke kaʻina hana, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia nā mea ʻōpala.

Hana TPU

E like me ka polyurethane i hoʻolei ʻia (wai) a me ke kāwili ʻana i ka polyurethane (paʻa), loaʻa i ka TPU ke modulus kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka elongation kiʻekiʻe a me ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa aila, ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ka elongation kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa lōʻihi he mau pono koʻikoʻi o ka TPU.

1. Ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka elongation kiʻekiʻe
Loaʻa i ka TPU ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation maikaʻi loa. Mai ka ʻikepili ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation o ka polyether TPU ma mua o ka polyvinyl chloride plastic a me ka rubber.

Eia kekahi, hiki iā TPU ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻoihana meaʻai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui i ke kaʻina hana, he mea paʻakikī ia no nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka PVC a me ka laholio.

2. He mea maʻalahi loa ke kūpaʻa i ka mahana
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o TPU e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻōla wikiwiki ʻana i kona ʻano mua ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kaumaha deformation, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka ikehu hoʻōla, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lakio o ka hana hoʻihoʻi deformation i ka hana e pono ai no ka deformation. He hana ia o ka modulus dynamic a me ka friction kūloko o ka elastomer a he ʻano koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka mahana.

E emi ana ka springback me ka emi ʻana o ka mahana, a hiki i kahi mahana, e piʻi koke hou ana ka elasticity. ʻO kēia mahana ka mahana crystallization o ka ʻāpana palupalu, e hilinaʻi ana i ke ʻano o ka macromolecular diol, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka polyether TPU ma mua o ka polyester TPU. I nā mahana ma lalo o ka mahana crystallization, lilo ka elastomer i mea paʻakikī loa a nalowale kona elasticity, no laila, ua like ka rebound me ka rebounding mai kahi ʻili metala paʻakikī.

3. ʻO ka pae paʻakikī ʻo Shore A60 ~ D80
ʻO ka paʻakikī kahi hōʻailona o ka hiki o kahi mea ke kū'ē i ka deformation, nā nicks a me nā scratches.
Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka paʻakikī o TPU ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lakio o nā ʻāpana kaulahao palupalu a paʻakikī. No laila, he ākea ka paʻakikī o TPU. Loaʻa kona paʻakikī mai Shore A60 a i D80, e uhi ana i ka paʻakikī o ka laholio a me ka palakiko, a he ākea ka paʻakikī ma ka pae paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa. Elasticity kiʻekiʻe.
Me ka loli o ka paʻakikī, e loli kekahi mau waiwai o TPU. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakikī o TPU, e loaʻa nā loli hana e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka modulus tensile a me ka ikaika haehae, ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka rigidity a me ke kaumaha compressive (ka hiki ke hoʻouka), ka emi ʻana o ka elongation, ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka density a me ka hanauna wela dynamic, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kaiapuni.

Kahua noi o TPU

Ua kūʻai mua ʻia ʻo TPU e ka American Goodrich Chemical Company (ʻo Lubrizol i kēia manawa) i ka makahiki 1958, a ua noiʻi ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia a puni ka honua. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana o nā mea maka TPU ʻo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ʻano he elastomer me ka hana maikaʻi loa, loaʻa iā TPU kahi ākea o nā huahana ma hope a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā waiwai haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi mau laʻana.
1. Mea kamaa
Hoʻohana ʻia ka TPU i nā mea kāmaʻa ma muli o kona elasticity maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana kāmaʻa me ka TPU i ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu ma mua o nā huahana kāmaʻa maʻamau, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā huahana kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai kekahi mau kāmaʻa haʻuki a me nā kāmaʻa maʻamau.


2. Hose
Ma muli o ka palupalu o ka hose TPU, ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ka ikaika hopena a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hose TPU ma Kina no ka halihali kinoea a me ka aila o nā mokulele, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, nā mokokaikala, nā mea hana mīkini a me nā hose lako mīkini ʻē aʻe.



3. Uwea
Hāʻawi ʻo TPU i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka haehae, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu a me nā ʻano kūlou, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa ke kī i ka hana o ke kaula. No laila, ma ka mākeke Kina, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo TPU no nā kaula kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā kaula hoʻomalu a me nā kaula mana, e pale i nā mea uhi o nā kaula me nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī, a ke ulu nui nei kona hoʻohana.



4. Lapaʻau pono
He koho palekana, paʻa, a kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o ka TPU ma mua o ka PVC. ʻAʻole ia e loaʻa nā kemika ʻino e like me ka phthalate, a e neʻe i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai ʻē aʻe i loko o nā catheters lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻeke lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka TPU extrusion grade a me ka injection grade me kahi hoʻoponopono iki i nā lako PVC o kēia manawa.