He aha nā polymers palaho e hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia me PBAT?

ʻO Polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) kahi ʻano hou o ka copolyester aliphatic-aromatic biodegradable piha me nā ʻāpana kaulahao e hoʻohui i ka maʻalahi o nā hydrocarbons aliphatic kaulahao lōʻihi me ka paʻakikī o nā apo aromatic, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i ka maʻalahi maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ʻo PBAT i hoʻokahi o nā mea degradable ikaika loa i ka noiʻi plastics biodegradable a me nā noi mākeke maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana kaulahao PBT aromatic i loko o ke kaulahao molekala e hopena i ka wikiwiki o ka degradation. Loaʻa iā ia kahi crystallinity haʻahaʻa a me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e maʻalahi ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana. Eia kekahi, he pipiʻi ke kumu, e kaupalena hou ana i kāna hoʻomohala mākeke a me ka noi. No laila, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ke kumukūʻai a loaʻa nā plastics degradable hana kiʻekiʻe, pono e aʻo ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o PBAT. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana iā PBAT me nā polymers biodegradable he ʻano hoʻololi i hōʻoia ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka degradability o PBAT, a hiki i kekahi mau polymers biodegradable ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka degradation o PBAT.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PLA-

ʻO ka waikawa Polylactic (PLA), kekahi o nā mea biodegradable i noiʻi nui ʻia a kūleʻa i ke kālepa ʻana, he ʻano ʻālohilohi a me nā waiwai pale maikaʻi loa, akā he mau hemahema hoʻi o ka paʻakikī a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakikī, nele i ka palupalu a me ka elasticity. No laila, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka PBAT paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe me ka PLA ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka paʻakikī o PLA, akā e hoʻolalelale hoʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka palaho ʻana o PBAT.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o PLA e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika tensile o ka hui ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā waiwai crystalline o PBAT; a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka viscosity heheʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni PBAT i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

ʻOiai he mau ʻōnaehana kūlike ʻole ʻo PBAT a me PLA, ke hoʻokumu nei ka noiʻi hou aku i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, e hopena ana i nā hui ʻana me nā waiwai mechanical ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) ma kahi hapa nui o 3% a 5% hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika hopena o nā hui PLA/PBAT i 26.5% a me 51.7%, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o PBAT ma PLA. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka haunaele interfacial ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ductility o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni PBAT/PLA; ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka plasticizer hui multifunctional a me ka capacitor hiki ke hana i kahi capacitance maikaʻi a me ka hopena plasticizing ma nā hui PBAT/PLA, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai hana.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PPC-

ʻO ka Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) kahi mea hanaʻilikala pili kaiapunihana ʻia e ke koho ʻana i ka copolymerization o ka ʻōpala ʻoihana kalapona dioxide a me ka propylene oxide, nona ka degradability a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka permeability. Eia nō naʻe, he mea amorphous ia, ʻo ka mahana hoʻololi aniani he 30-40°C wale nō, a he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka mahana, ʻilihune ka paʻa o ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe, nā pilikia hoʻokumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hui ʻana o PPC me PBAT ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana o PPC, akā hāʻawi pū iā PBAT me ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ka mea i hui pū ʻia e loaʻa kahi ākea hoʻomohala nui i ka ʻōpala meaʻai hoʻolei, nā mea lapaʻau, a pēlā aku.

Ma muli o ka amorphous o ka ʻāpana PPC i loko o ka ʻōnaehana i kāwili ʻia, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui microcrystalline o ka ʻili hui PBAT/PPC; ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o PPC e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika tensile a me nā waiwai pale kinoea o ka ʻili hui me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka biodegradability o ka matrix. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o PPC a me PBAT e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻa wela, ka crystallinity a me nā waiwai mechanical o nā hui; i ka wā he 10% PPC wale nō ma ke kaumaha, piʻi ka mahana crystallization o nā hui mai 37.5°C a i 66.8°C, kahi e hoʻomaʻalahi ai i ke kaʻina hana hana ʻili puhi.

ʻOiai he polymer crystalline ʻo PBAT a he kaulahao molekala polar nui, loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia hoʻohālikelike me PPC. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka chain extender triphenylmethane triisocyanate i hopena i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka ikaika tensile a me nā waimaka o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni PBAT/PPC ma nā ʻaoʻao longitudinal a me transverse; ʻo ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka mea wehe monoglyceride stearate i hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ke kūpaʻa o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā e puhi ana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻonui ethylene methyl acrylate - glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) i ka hui ʻana o PPC a me PBAT ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa hana a me ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i puhi ʻia, akā hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi hoʻi i kona mau waiwai mechanical, oxygen barrier a me nā waiwai pale UV.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PBS-

ʻO ka Polybutylene succinate (PBS) ka hana hana maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā plastics biodegradable e kū nei, me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa; akā naʻe, ʻo kona viscosity haʻahaʻa e alakaʻi ai i ka ikaika heheʻe haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hana ʻana ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka puhi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolei ʻana, a he ʻano palupalu nā huahana. No laila, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui PBAT a me PBS i hoʻololi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā pono o nā mea ʻelua e hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala, nā mea ʻaina, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni mahiʻai, nā mea biomedical a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole pono e kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka PBS i loko o nā hui PBAT/PBS, a hiki i ka 25% ka mea kūpono. Ua ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe ka modulus tensile a me ka elongation kiʻekiʻe i ka wā haki ka hapa nui o PBS he 25%; i ka wā e kiʻekiʻe loa ai ka nui o ka PBS, hōʻike nā huahana i ka brittleness ikaika.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PHBV-

ʻO Poly(pentyl hydroxybutyrate) (PHBV) kahi biomaterial i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe hou, i hana ʻia ma o ka fermentation me ke kumu kalapona a me ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o nā microorganism, nona ka biodegradability maikaʻi a me ka biocompatibility; akā naʻe, he mau hemahema nō hoʻi e like me ka paʻa wela maikaʻi ʻole a me nā waiwai crystallization maikaʻi ʻole. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana me PBAT hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai crystalline o PHBV a hoʻonui i nā waiwai hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea.

ʻO ka hui ʻana o PHBV a me PBAT e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hana maikaʻi a me nā waiwai ʻoniʻoni; a ʻo nā waiwai mechanical o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me nā ʻiliʻili ʻōpala meaʻai kalepa, me nā ʻano a hiki i ka 750% i ka haki.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PGA-

Loaʻa i ka polyglycolic acid (PGA) kahi ʻano molekala like a me nā ʻano hana me PLA, akā he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka degradation a me nā waiwai pale; ʻaʻole wale ke kumukūʻai o ka mea maka he haʻahaʻa, akā loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana deflection wela kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo ke koho ʻana o PGA no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hui ʻana o PBAT he hiki nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke kahua o nā huahana hoʻolei e like me nā mea ʻaina wela, nā ʻeke kiʻiʻoniʻoni biodegradable a me ka hoʻopili pale.

Ua ʻike ʻia he 25 MPa ka ikaika tensile o 20 MPa o nā composites PBAT/PGA me kahi hapa nui PGA o 20% a me ka elongation ma ka haki ʻana ma luna o 600%, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā huahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni; ʻO nā composites PBAT/PGA me kahi hapa nui PGA o 80% he 120°C ka mahana deflection wela me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea ʻaina hoʻolei; i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o PGA hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o PGA ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana pale mahu wai o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni composite PBAT/PGA.

E like me PLA, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻohālikelike ma waena o PGA a me PBAT, no laila pono e koho ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 4,4′-ylidenebis (isocyanatophenyl) (MDI) e hoʻokomo i nā composites PBAT/PGA. ʻO ka hopena holomua me MDI i hopena i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hui a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka ikaika hopena mai 9.0 kJ/m2 a i 22.2 kJ/m2; a me ka emi ʻana o ka crystallinity a me ka nui o ka crystal spherical, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī o nā composites a me ko lākou kūpaʻa wela.

-PBAT i hui pū ʻia me PVB-

ʻO Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) ka huahana o ka condensation acid-catalyzed o ka polyvinyl alcohol a me n-butyraldehyde, me kahi nui o ka plasticizer i loko o kāna mau ʻoki hana hou ʻia. Ma muli o kona ʻano molekala, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo PVB me ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa hopena, ka transparency kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻalahi a me ka degradability. Ma ke ʻano he mea hana hou ʻia ma ka lihi, loaʻa ka PVB i nā nui he nui a ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻo kona koho ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea i hoʻololi ʻia he mau pono hoʻomohala nui. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka PVB e hoʻonui i ka mahana crystallization o PBAT; hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike a me nā waiwai mechanical o PBAT/PVB e ka hana hui o ka capacitor ionomer a me PVB.